Physical therapy (PT), also known as physiotherapy, is one of the allied health professions that, by using evidence-based kinesiology, electrotherapy, shockwave modality, exercise prescription, joint mobilization and health education, treats conditions such as chronic or acute pain, soft tissue injuries, cartilage damage, arthritis, gait disorders and physical impairments typically of musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, neurological and endocrinological origins.

Physical therapy is used to improve a patient’s physical functions through physical examination, diagnosis, prognosis, physical intervention, rehabilitation and patient education. It is practiced by physical therapists (known as physiotherapists in many countries).

In addition to clinical practice, other activities encompassed in the physical therapy profession include research, education, consultation and administration. Physical therapy is provided as a primary care treatment or alongside, or in conjunction with, other medical services. In some jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom, physical therapists have the power to prescribe medication.

A systematic review that included patients with brain injury, musculoskeletal conditions, cardiac conditions, or multiple pathologies found that the alliance between patient and therapist positively correlates with treatment outcome. Outcomes includes: ability to perform activities of daily living, manage pain, complete specific physical function tasks, depression, global assessment of physical health, treatment adherence, and treatment satisfaction.

Studies have explored four themes that may influence patient–therapist interactions: interpersonal and communication skills, practical skills, individualized patient-centered care, and organizational and environmental factors. Physical therapists need to be able to effectively communicate with their patients on a variety of levels. Patients have varying levels of health literacy so it is important for physical therapists to take that into account when discussing the patient’s ailments as well as planned treatment.

Research has shown that using communication tools tailored to the patient’s health literacy leads to improved engagement with their practitioner and their clinical care. In addition, patients reported that shared decision-making will yield a positive relationship. Practical skills such as the ability to educate patients about their conditions, and professional expertise are perceived as valuable factors in patient care. Patients value the ability of a clinician to provide clear and simple explanations about their problems. Furthermore, patients value when physical therapists possess excellent technical skills that improve the patient effectively.

Environmental factors such as the location, equipment used, and parking are less important to the patient than the physical therapy clinical encounter itself. Based on the current understanding, the most important factors that contribute to the patient–therapist interactions include that the physical therapist: spends an adequate amount of time with the patient, possesses strong listening and communication skills, treats the patient with respect, provides clear explanations of the treatment, and allows the patient to be involved in the treatment decisions.

Tent treatment is a type of therapy that involves the use of a small, enclosed space, such as a tent, to create a safe and comfortable environment for individuals to explore their thoughts, feelings, and emotions. This type of therapy can be helpful for a wide range of mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

During tent treatment, the individual will sit or lie down inside the tent, which is often equipped with comfortable pillows and blankets to create a cozy and relaxing atmosphere. The therapist will then guide the individual through a series of relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and progressive muscle relaxation, to help them calm their mind and body.

Interferential therapy is a type of electrical stimulation therapy that is used to help manage chronic pain, improve circulation, and reduce muscle spasms. This therapy involves the use of two low-frequency electrical currents that are applied to the skin over the area of pain or discomfort. The currents interfere with each other, creating a third, higher-frequency current that is able to penetrate deeper into the tissue and stimulate the underlying nerves.

Interferential therapy is often used to treat chronic pain conditions such as back pain, arthritis, and neuropathy. It can also be helpful for reducing muscle spasms and improving circulation in the affected area. This therapy is generally well tolerated and has few side effects, making it a safe and effective treatment option for many people.

Wax therapy is a type of treatment that involves the use of warm wax to relax the muscles and improve circulation. This therapy is often used to help manage chronic pain and other conditions, such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, and sports injuries.

During a wax therapy treatment, the therapist will heat a special type of wax, known as paraffin wax, to a safe and comfortable temperature. The wax will then be applied to the affected area, typically using a brush or spatula. The therapist may also wrap the area with a towel or other material to help the wax stay in place and retain its warmth.

Traction therapy is a type of physical therapy that involves the use of a mechanical device to apply a pulling force to the spine or other affected area. This therapy is often used to help manage chronic pain, improve mobility, and correct spinal alignment.

During a traction therapy treatment, the therapist will position the individual on a table or other specialized device, and will attach the traction device to the affected area. The therapist will then adjust the amount of force applied by the traction device, depending on the individual’s needs and tolerances

Shock wave therapy is a cutting-edge treatment option for a variety of conditions that cause chronic pain. It uses high-energy sound waves to stimulate the healing process and reduce pain and inflammation in the affected area.

This non-invasive therapy is often used to treat conditions such as plantar fasciitis, achilles tendinitis, and tennis elbow. It can also be effective in treating chronic back pain and other musculoskeletal conditions.

Unlike other forms of therapy, shock wave therapy is quick and relatively painless. Most treatments take less than 30 minutes and can be done on an outpatient basis. Many patients experience significant pain relief after just one or two sessions

Spinal traction therapy is a type of physical therapy that involves the use of a mechanical device to apply a pulling force to the spine. This therapy is often used to help manage chronic back pain, improve mobility, and correct spinal alignment.

During a spinal traction therapy treatment, the therapist will position the individual on a table or other specialized device, and will attach the traction device to the spine. The therapist will then adjust the amount of force applied by the traction device, depending on the individual’s needs and tolerances.